Optional Paper: Horticulture Semester-VI

 Optional Paper: Horticulture

Semester-VI

Internal Question Bank  

1. Which chemical is used for de-greening of fruit?

        (A) IBA    (B) Cytokinin  C) Gibberalic Acid  (D) Ethylene

2.   Journal “Indian Horticulture” is published by _________

        (A) IIHR  (B) IARI  (C) ICAR  (D) IGKV

3. Most abundant and basic Auxin is _________

        (A) IAA  (B) NAA (C) 1BA  (D) 2-4 D

4. “Queen of Fruits” is called __________

       (A) Avocado  (B) Mango (C) Mangosteen (D) Ber

5. “King of Temperate Fruits” is called _________

      (A) Pear  (B) Apple (C) Peach  (D) Kiwi Fruit

6. Chromosome number of Mango

        (A) 2x = 40  (B) 4x = 40  (C) 3x = 40 (D) x = 40

7. Which crop is called micronutrient loving crop

        (A) Mango  (B) Citrus  (C) Banana  (D) Apple

8. All the following plants can be propagated by leaf cuttings except

        A. Begonia   B. Hibiscus  C.Bryophyllum   D.Sansiveria

9. Which of the following method is commonly practiced for root induction?

       A. Cutting  B.Layering  C.Grafting D. Budding

10. Which of the following method is suitable for combining the desirable characters of two plants together in a single plant

         A. cutting  B. layering  C.grafting D. all of these

11. In grafting, the rooted plant is called the stock. The stem cutting from the donor plant is called

        A.transplant   B. scion  C.bud graft  D. root stock

12. The example of the plant in which vegetative propagation is occurred by leaves is called

         A. Cannabis   B. chrysanthemum   C .bryophyllum   D.brassica

13. The example of natural vegetative propagation does not include

      A. Corals    B. bulbs  C. corms   D.rhizomes

14. In the cutting method of vegetative propagation, the cuttings are mainly taken from

     A.    leaves of parent plant   B.roots or stems of parent plant  C.shoots of parent plant

     D. buds of parent plant

15. What type of artificial propagation method is used in sugarcane, banana and cactus trees?

      A. Layering  B. Grafting   C. Cutting  D. Regeneration

16. Artificial propagation of plants is done by how many methods?

      A. 6  B. 5  C. 4  D. 3

(Artificial propagation of plants is done by three methods i.e. Cuttings, Layering and Grafting.)

17. Which of the following statements are correct about artificial vegetative propagation of plants?

      A. We get seedless plants by this method.

     B. By artificial propagation many plants can be grown from just one parent.

     C. The new plants produced by this method will be exactly like the parent plants.  D. All the above

(The process of growing many plants from one plant by man-made methods is called artificial propagation of plants. And above mentioned options are the advantages of this method.)

17. Which of the following hormones is not a growth inhibitor?

     (A) Dormin   (B) Abscisic acid  (C) Ethylene  (D) IAA

18. A widely used rooting hormone is

      (a) 2,4, -D  (b) NAA   (c) 2,4,5 – T  (d) Cytokinin

19. Which of these is not a function of auxin?

     (A) Inducing callus formation   (B) Inducing dormancy (C) Enhancing cell division

    (D) Maintaining apical dominant 

20 .Roshanara Garden in Delhi is an Example of 

   A. Mughal garden B.Japanese garden C. English garden D. Free style garden

21.  Minimum area of forest in a country for ecological balance should be

     A. 21%        B. 35 %   C. 17%   D. 33%

22. Lower portion of a grafted planted is called

     A. Root stock B. Scion C. Fig wasp D. It is self-pollinated

23. Central Institute of Horticulture is Located at

    A. Medziphema: Dimapur Nagaland  B.Bengaluru ,Karnataka C. Aimer  D. Degradun

24. Yellowing of lawn grass indicates deficiency of which nutrients

      A. Nitrogen  B. Phosphorus  C. Potassium   D. Oxygen

25.  Most of the summer vegetables are 

     A. Annual  B. Biennial  C. Perennial D. None

26. In seed formation the inner integument remains thin develops into 

   A. Testa  B. Tegmen   C. Aril   D. Hilum

27. During seed formation,a sear left by the funiculus is termed as

   A. Hilum  B. Funiculus  C. Operculum D. Raphe

28. Name the first naturally occurring cytokines 

      A. Neoxanthin    B. Xanthoxin    C. Zeatin     D. Isopentenyl adenine  

29. Which plant hormone is responsible for saving the crops from falling 

      A. Cytokinin  B. Gybberellin  C. Auxin   D. Ethylene 

30. Mark the one, which is not a Physiological effect of Auxin?

       A. Cell elongation B. Stem elongation C. Cell differentiation D. Rooting

31. Which of the following greenhouse styles is recommended for hilly areas 

        A. Even span  B. uneven span  C. lean to  D. Ridge and furrow 

32. Mist chamber is mostly used for 

        A. Hardening of seedlings   B. Hardening of cutting

        C. Rooting of leaf cuttings D. all of the above

33. Gibberellin that is synthesized in the shoot transported to different parts of the plant by     which             medium

    A. Xylem  B. Sieve tube  C. Aleurone layer  D. Phloem 

Anamolous Secondary Growth @ Semester-III

 

Anomalous Secondary Growth

             In most of the angiosperms normal secondary growth takes place. But many dicotyledons   show deviation from the normal type of secondary growth. The growth which is in contrast to the normal secondary growth is known as the abnormal or anomalous secondary growth.

Anomalous secondary growth is commonly seen in tropical plants than in temperate plants. 

Haberlandt  recognized two types of anomalous secondary growths

• adaptive 
•  non-adaptive.

The anomalous secondary growth that takes place due to its functional requirements is called adaptive secondary growth. It takes place to fulfil the mechanical requirements of the plants as per their morphological requirements as per their morphological structure e.g., Aristolochia, Bignonia, Draceana.
The anomalous secondary growth that takes place due to environmental requirements and has no functional significance to the plants is called as non-adaptive secondary growth. Eg., Amaranthus, Achyranthes, Boerhaavia.
Usually, secondary growth does not take place in monocotyledonous plants. However, certain monocots are arborescent plants. To suit to their woody habit and to produce a strong stem, anomalous secondary growth occurs in these plants; e.g., Yucca, Agave, Dracaena.
In storage roots to produce the required tissue to store the food, adaptive type of anomalous secondary growth takes place; e.g., Beta vulgaris, Daucus carota etc.

Anomalous secondary Growth in Achyranthes Stem
The young stem has a wavy outline with alternate ridges and furrows.
Epidermis: Made up of single row of tubular cells. The cells are closely arranged with thick outer walls coated with lignin, followed by cutin. Several multicellular hairs are present over the cells of the epidermis.
Cortex: The peripheral hypodermal region is made up of collenchymas below the ridges and chlorenchyma below the furrows.
Endoermis: consists of single row of tangentially elongated parenchyma cells.
Pericycle: Made up of sclerenchyma, parenchymatous cells are also present.
Vascular Bundles: arranged in form of a ring.  They are conjoint, collateral, endarch and open. Medullary rays are present between the vascular bundles.
Apart from the primary vascular bundles, two medullary vascular bundles are present in the pith region. The medullary vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral, endarch and closed. These two bundles lie and grow opposite to each other.
Secondary Growth and Medullary Bundles:
In the pericycle region, extrastelar cambium strips develop which produce secondary vascular bundles. Cambium also produces the conjunctive tissue  between the vascular bundles. the conjective tissue present between the xylem and phloem become sclerenchymatous. due to this it appears secondary phloem become surrounded by xylem. Secondary vascular bundles and conjunctive tissues are present without any sharp limits. So phloem of the secondary vascular bundles appears in the form of patches. This phloem is the included phloem.